2022年生育成本报告

按照国家统计局公布的1062万新生人口计算，2021年中国总和生育率仅为1.15，不仅低于世界上几乎所有国家，比严重少子老龄化的日本还低不少。少子化将深远影响中国经济增长潜力、创新活力、抚养负担、民众幸福指数乃至民族复兴。人口急剧萎缩，也意味着规模效应的持续弱化和综合国力的衰退。中国全球几乎最低的生育率的根本原因是全球几乎最高的生育成本，其原因是多方面的包括教育，住房等因素。非常有必要通过多项鼓励生育的政策，来大幅度降低养育成本。面对中国经济和人口的双重下行压力形势，我们建议通过鼓励生育、增加人口，来有效缓解经济低迷，提振社会信心。大力鼓励生育，短期来看，有助于扩大内需、稳增长、稳就业；长期来看，有助于提升人力资源、人力资本、经济社会活力，增强中国经济发展的信心，提升中国的创新力和竞争力。

[1] 国家统计局：2020年居民收入和消费支出情况.

http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202101/t20210118_1812425.html

[2] 国家统计局：2019年居民收入和消费支出情况.

http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202001/t20200117_1723396.html

[3] 北京大学中国社会科学调查中心（ISSS）:中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies）CFPS2010-2018数据.

https://opendata.pku.edu.cn/dataset.xhtmlpersistentId=doi:10.18170/DVN/45LCSO

[4] 美国农业部：美国家庭育儿成本报告Expenditures on Children by Families.

https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/archive/tag/expenditures-on-children-by-families

[5] 育娲人口研究：《中国人口预测报告2021版》.

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IGIGSGxp8QLxbv_evsdFMA

[6] Australian Institute of Family Studies:New estimates of the costs of children.

https://aifs.gov.au/publications/issue/new-estimates-costs-children

[7] Dollar and Sense (newspaper):How Much Does It Cost To Raise A Child In Singapore Till Age 18?

[8] Swedbank’s Institute for personal finances:The cost of children.

http://www.nordstjernan.com/news/education%7Cresearch/5783/

[9] Department of Child Welfare & Career Services, Zurich:Zurich child cost table from January 1, 2021.

https://www.zh.ch/content/dam/zhweb/bilderdokumente/themen/familie/sorgerecht-unterhalt/kinderkosten_2021.pdf

[10] Irish Times：You want two children? That’ll be €500,000 please.

https://www.irishtimes.com/news/consumer/you-want-two-children-that-ll-be-500-000-please-1.2754454

[11] Federal Statistical Office：How much it costs to have a child.

https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/life/how-much-it-costs-to-have-a-child-in-germany

[12] US Dept. of Agriculture：The Cost of Raising a Child.

https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2017/01/13/cost-raising-child

[13] Cabinet Office Policy Office of symbiotic social policy：Raising child costs 63 million yen: study.

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/05/15/national/raising-child-costs-63-million-yen-study/

[14] Statistics Canada, Money Sense：The Cost of Raising a Child in Canada.

[15] Bank of New Zealand Baby Budget Calculator：The financial cost of raising a child.

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/the-financial-cost-of-raising-a-child/CHX7FCGJJIZJCIVFBM64QIMH6I/

[16] Child Poverty Action Group：THE COST OF A CHILD IN 2021.

https://cpag.org.uk/policy-and-campaigns/report/cost-child-2021

[17] Consumers Association – Social Promotion Association：How much does it cost to raise a child from 0 to 18 years old.

[18] Ministry of Health & Welfare：The high price of raising a well-educated child.

https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2013/04/10/socialAffairs/The-high-price-of-raising-a-welleducated-child/2969998.html

自 育娲人口研究